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First
Degree Courses in Arts and Sciences (Bachelor's degree)
are normally of three or four years' duration and are largely
taught courses, sometimes including the preparation of a short
written thesis. Sandwich Courses are where the coursework
is accompanied by practical work. A student could either complete
2 years of college, then a year of commercial training before
returning for a final year in college. Or, he/she could do
a 4-year course with 3-6 months" training interspersed each
year. The main advantage is that the student gets real experience
while in the learning mode. Most universities offer this type
of education.
Higher
National Diploma (HND) is awarded by Vocational and Technical
Educational Councils. They offer a 2-year course in a vocational
subject like scientific and technical business subjects. Great
emphasis is placed on work experience. It is often seen as
the first step towards a degree course as the credits can
be transferred.
Vocational
Courses offer an opportunity to enter the university system
slowly. Business and Technology Education Council (BTEC),
General Vocational Qualifications (GNVQ), General Scottish
Vocational Qualifications (GSVQ) offer recognized courses
in a range of disciplines. Most students opt to take 1-2 years
of, for example, BTEC courses before being transferred to
a degree programme. BTEC national certificates/diplomas are
usually accepted as an alternative to A-Levels.
Postgraduate
study may take the form of an independent piece of research
under supervision or a taught course, and leads to a variety
of degrees and awards. The taught courses normally last for
one or sometimes two years. Completion of a doctorate normally
takes a minimum of three years. Many post-experience courses
are also available, either leading to a qualification or providing
a refresher course for graduates wishing to update or extend
their knowledge. Some institutions admit occasional students
in limited numbers. They attend courses or undertake research,
possibly for a period of one or two years. These courses do
not lead to any formal qualification or 'credit' although
certificate of satisfactory attendance may be given.
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